1. Eismann, D.  A method of evaluating efficiency of orthodontic treatment, Trans Europ Orthod Soc 1974, 223-232.
2. Eismann, D.  Reliable assessment of morphological changes resulting from orthodontic treatment, Europ J Orthod 1980, 2:19-25.
3. Gottlieb, E.  Grading your orthodontic treatment results, J Clin Orthod 1975, 9:156-161.
4. Berg, R.  Postretention analysis of treatment problems and failures in 264 consecutively treated cases, Europ J Orthod 1979, 1:55-68.
5. Summers, C.  The occlusal index: a system for identifying and scoring occlusal disorders, Am J Orthod 1971, 59:552-566.
6. Richmond, S., Shaw, W., et al.  The development of the PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating): reliability and validity, Europ J Orthod 1992, 14:125-139.
7. Mckee, I., Williamson, C., et al.  The accuracy of 4 panoramic units in the projection of mesiodistal tooth angulations, AJO-DO 2002, 121:166-175.
8. Peck, J., Sameshima, G., et al.  Mesiodistal Root Angulation Using Panoramic and Cone Beam CT, Angle Orthodontist 2007, No.2:206-213.
9. Owens, A. M., Johal, A.  Near End of Treatment Panoramic Radiograph in the Assessment of Mesiodistal Root Angulation, Angle Orthodontists, Vol 78, No.3:475-481.

Pre-2006
Marginal Ridges - In scoring, do not include the canine-premolar contact; and do not include the distal of lower 1st premolar.
Buccolingual Inclination - Do not score the mandibular 1st premolars.

2006
Language update - revise historical discussions; change "candidate" to "examinee"; change "Phase III" to "Clinical."
Root Angulation - Other than periapical radiographs or three-dimensional imaging, the panoramic radiograph is probably the best practical means for making this assessment. It is incumbent upon the examinee to present imaging evidence to document posttreatment root position.

2007
Points will be scored in absolute value; therefore, change "deduct points" to "score points."
Language update - change "Objective Grading System" to "Model Grading System."
Occlusal Contacts - Do not score diminutive distolingual cusps of the maxillary 1st and 2nd molars, nor lingual cusps of the maxillary first premolars.
References - Addition of McKee, Peck, and Owens articles.

06-01-2008
Occlusal Contacts - If cusp is out of contact, score is for each posterior tooth; no more than 2 points per tooth.
Root Angulation - Omit scoring the canine relationship with adjacent root; new examples for Figures 34 and 35.

21